Discoveries of the (Dinosaur) Incisivosaurus Gauthier, and (Hominid) Sahelanthropus Tchadensis :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Disclosures of the (Dinosaur) Incisivosaurus Gauthier, and (Hominid) Sahelanthropus Tchadensis In the year 2002 an unusual looking theropod dinosaur fossil was found in China (Xu). It challenges the manner in which scientists have been considering theropods and different dinosaurs for quite a while. In the Sahara desert, the most seasoned primate skull on the planet was discovered that equivalent year. These are only two of numerous revelations that have tested the manner in which we see the old world. Incisivosaurus Gauthier was what is accepted to be a crude Oviraptorosaurian that was as of late found in China. The Theropod and its exceptionally particular skull is depicted as a strange animal that lived 128 million years back (Gee). The trademark that â€Å"sticks out† the most are it’s rat like teeth. Harry Gee has depicted the dinosaur as â€Å"a [cross between] Roadrunner [and] Bugs Bunny† (Ibid.) and Hillary Mayell considers it a â€Å"’Weird’ Bucktoothed Dino.† (Mayell) Oviraptorosaurians are known for their particular skulls and for being egg cheats, which is the place they get their name. It was later found that they were more than likely close to the homes not to eat the eggs however bring forth them. In Mongolia there was a disclosure of a fossil of a female Oviraptor protecting her home from a dust storm (Mayell). They are thought to have advanced in the early Cretaceous (Xu). The Cretaceous time frame, is the time frame that came soon after the most notable of periods in the earth’s history, the Jurassic. Xing Xu, the man who with his group discovered Incisivosaurus, works for Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China. Xu and his group accept that this find demonstrates that not all theropods ate meat (Ibid). In an article for the National Geographic, Phillip Currie of the Royal Tyrell Museum of Paleontology in Canada says, These teeth are absolutely unseemly for eating meat. Indeed, even with the snou t, we had consistently accepted that oviraptorosuars were still carnivorousâ€hawks and falcons do it very well. In any case, these teeth will be teeth you hope to find in a herbivore† (Mayell). Specialists accept that Incisivosaurus shows a connection between commonplace theropods and the more uncommon or possibly peculiar Oviraptorosaurians which are more birdlike (Gee). Xu additionally accepts this may show a connection between the Oviraptorosaurians and a herbivorous gathering of dinosaurs, the Therizinosaurs. Which shows that not every one of them were carnivores (Mayell).

The Rise and Influence of Nationalism in Japan around WWII Essay

The Rise and Influence of Nationalism in Japan around WWII - Essay Example WWII fortified such belief systems as Bushido (the method of the warrior) and strict philosophy of Shinto, thoughts of the New Structure’ and Agreement State†. These various types of patriotism were commonly satisfactory. The â€Å"New Structure† was an essential part of patriotism, and new foundations must be imported as a methods for connecting all Japanese to one national administration for political and financial centralization. The very demonstration of bringing in these establishments, the qualities whereupon they depended on an immediate help to the social and social customs shaped the embodiment of the Japanese country. Rather than different states lectured independence, Japanese patriotism depended on the possibility of aggregate personality and targets which assisted with joining the country against ‘outside’ world. The head didn't assume a prevailing job in political and public activity. Pundits guess that authority over the nations and its political procedures were set up by the military, framed by the Emperor and Government. During the WWII, Japanese rehearsed kamikaze as one of the primary national conventions. They had extraordinary kamikaze units in the Japanese Fleet who made an incredible harm to foes. Since Japanese accept that the world wherein they lived and the political world were two separate substances, it was hard to get the general population to relate to the state and political organizations. The social framework had a higher significance in Japan than the political framework, and political establishments had next to no social importance to Japanese. As happened in the Meiji time frame, Japan's annihilation prompted a discount dismissal of prewar organizations and a wholehearted selection of the greater part of the occupation changes as a methods for freeing Japan of its substandard status.

Writing a College Essay - Your Essay Must Be Good

Writing a College Essay - Your Essay Must Be GoodIf you're in college and are writing a college essay, you may feel that it's a lot of work. There are a lot of things that you need to know, and you're going to be working with words on the page. So, how do you prepare yourself for the task ahead?First of all, remember that college essays are not exactly easy. They aren't designed to be simple just because that is what you've been taught. You need to put forth a little effort to make your college essay unique.The first thing you need to do is to spend some time researching the topic of your college essay. Go online and learn about the important issues of your school. Read about campus politics, research, and even ask your friends about things they learned.When you have your facts in hand, it will help you to determine how you want to frame your essay. A good rule of thumb is to include as much information as possible in your college essay. You don't want to overdo it, but you also don' t want to give up too much information either.Even if you're writing a college essay, you still need to write well. Avoid plagiarism by including your own ideas in your essays. If you borrow a few ideas from others' works, you are only duplicating their ideas, not their words.Of course, as you continue your studies, you will find that you can get ideas from other sources. Look for other topics you can research and write about. For example, if you're studying an environmental issue, you could write an essay about how you learned about the cause of the problem and then use that information to write about your own opinions on the matter.Speaking of opinions, you may find that you disagree with some people on a particular topic when you write your college essay. That's ok! Try to write about the information that you feel will allow you to have the best opinion, even if it's not yours.And don't forget to write your college essay in a professional manner. It doesn't mean that you should t ry to sound like a professor. Just be confident in your writing and you will have a far better chance of being accepted to that college.

The Bloodless Revolution Of 1800 - 1666 Words

The Bloodless Revolution of 1800 was a very important event that shaped our nation into what it is today. The Revolution changed America s history in major ways. The twelfth amendment was created and the party divisions that we see today in our modern government are results of the conflict. The revolution was also a test: could the young nation of America shift power peacefully, as the founding father s had intended? Or would everything collapse after only one president leading the country? The Bloodless Revolution of 1800 was an event that changed our nation s history an ways of government in many important ways. But in order to understand fully the whole effect this event had on our nation, we must look back a few years before 1800 to the Neutrality Proclamation, the John Jay Treaty, X Y Z Affair, and the Quasi War. George Washington, in his second term of office, issued the Neutrality Proclamation in an attempt to ease the tension and conflict with Britain caused by The French Revolution. Thomas Jefferson, being so disgusted with Washington s policies, resigned his secretarial position in May of 1793, when the proclamation was announced. Despite Washington s attempt to fix the conflict, British ships continued to confiscate American merchant ships because they, in an attempt to remain neutral, continued to trade with both France and Britain. War soon broke out after that between the new French Republic and the European Monarchs, much to theShow MoreRelatedDiego Valesquez followed Columbus in the Spanish Conquest935 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Columbus arrived, Spanish conquest followed under the guise of Diego Valesquez, a move that brought on the eradication of the native Cuban population as a result of European diseases. 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The political shift from Federalists, Washington and Adams, to Democratic-RepublicansRead MoreThe Cuban Revolution ( Pre 1959 ) Essay Draft1253 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Cuban Revolution (pre-1959) Essay Draft 1 Sakina Ali [Incomplete introduction] Thesis: The Cuban Revolution pre-1959 was caused by a many political, economic and social factors such as: Cuba’s separation from Spanish rule in 1898, the American interest and influence on Cuba and, the social unrest that Batista’s policies and relationship with the Mob caused, which ultimately led to Castro’s fight and overall succession in 1959. Cuba, after it was already inhabited by native tribes, wasRead More Who was Napoleon Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pageshis education at Autun and later attended school in Brienne, excelling in mathematics and science. Following a years study at the Ecole Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. 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This caused the British Government to become more involved with IrelandRead MoreHst276 Week 42234 Words   |  9 Pagesbetween the start of the Ming dynasty in 1368 and its collapse and replacement by the Manchus in 1644 . This population increase, along with a reduction in government regulation, led to China’s 3rd Commercial Revolution, which lasted from 1500 and 1800. Economic advances during this time, which extended into the Qing era, included the tribute system for textile manufacture, trade with the tondo empire through the port of Manila, expansion of private banks from Shaanxi intoRead MoreWeek 4 Hist 276 Essay2444 Words   |  10 Pagesdynasty in 1368 and its collapse and replacement by the Manchus in 1415 in North China . This population increase, along with a reduction in government regulation, led to China’s Commercial Revolution, which lasted from 1500 and 1800. Economic advances during this time, which extended into the Qing era, included the so-called putting out system for textile manufacture, trade with the Qing empire through the port of Manila, expansion of privateRead MoreTaking a Look at Ohio3089 Words   |  12 PagesFrench ceded counteract of Ohio and the remainder of the Old Northwest to Great Britain. Pontiacs Rebellion in the 1760s, however, determined a challenge to British sword counteract. This came to an end with the colonists victory in the American Revolution. In the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain resign all claims to Ohio country to the United States. Under the Northwest Ordinance, areas of the country could be defined and admitted as states once their population reached 60,000. Although Ohios

The Changing Meaning of The Taming of The Shrew Essay

The Changing Meaning of The Taming of The Shrew Through the ages, it is common for words to change in meaning. As the world around us changes, words often take on new meanings to accommodate the changes in lifestyle and society caused by progress. Thus, it is easy to become confused when reading literature that was written several centuries before, since the very same words may hold varying significance. In The Taming of the Scold, D.E. Underdown offers background information which makes Shakespeares The Taming of The Shrew much more understandable in terms of the discordant ideas on women in society in different time periods. The Taming of the Shrew has a much different effect on contemporary readers than it may have had†¦show more content†¦In Petruccios version of a cucking-stool, he intended to put Kate through much difficulty so that he could make her see the error of her ways, as well as gain control of her. In The Taming of a Scold, Underdown states that female independence is sometimes portrayed sympathetically (p.117). At the time it was written, Kates obstinence may have been humorous, but most women would not be able to relate with her behavior from their personal experience; yet they would be able to understand her ultimate acquiescence to Petruccio. However, in contemporary times, it is expected that women stand up for themselves and shirk any means of domination. In this way, they can relate to Kates early behavior of opposition but can not understand her later submitting to Petruccios efforts to control her. Depending on the era, women can sympathize with different aspects of Kates behavior, but much of it must be considered in the respective social context before all of her behavior may be fully understood as it was written. Underdown helps to place Kates conduct in relation to her time so that modern readers may more thoroughly understand it. Underdowns discussion of the crisis in gender relations not only heightened my awareness of the significance in Kates conduct, but also gave me new insight as to why Shakespeare may have written the play. Through Underdowns argument I was able to determine that The Taming of the Shrew was not written solely forShow MoreRelatedTaming Of The Shrew And 10 Thing I Hate About You1063 Words   |  5 Pagesin â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† and â€Å"10 Thing I Hate About You† because in both of the films, the main male characters Patrick and Petruchio are predominantly motivated by money. However, they ended up falling for Kat and Katharina who have been set up as the archetypal shrews in both films. During the Elizabethan era money was a major factor that influenced society’s view of your personal wealth. this is clearly reflected in the 1967 film text but is not evident in the 1998 version due to changing ideologiesRead MoreComparing Poisonwood Bible And Taming Of The Sh rew1443 Words   |  6 PagesBible and Taming of the Shrew The Poisonwood Bible and Taming of the Shrew are two works of literature that . The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, is a story about the Price family’s journey deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightened souls of Africa. Nathan Price, the Baptist minister responsible for moving his family, lives solely by his own rigid and simplistic moral code. Taming of the Shrew is one of William Shakespeare’s first comedies. 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As written of the representation of women in early literature, â€Å"the focus of interest is on the heroine’s choice of marriage partner, which will decide her ultimate social position and †¦ determine her happinessRead MoreAnalysis Of Controlling Katherine : The Cruelty, Abuse, And Manipulation Of Petruchios Language1542 Words   |  7 Pagesis their status as â€Å"a handy repository of exempla, cautionary tales, and wonderfully vivid scenes and characters† (Hume 64). One of Shakespeare’s plays that both can serve as cautionary tale and contains vibrant scene s and characters is The Taming of the Shrew, particularly evident in the tempestuous duo of Katherine and Petruchio. While audiences tend to see the play through the lens of romantic comedy, there is another side to Petruchio that necessitates close reading. Analysis of Petruchio’sRead MoreMarriage and Relationships in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew2278 Words   |  10 PagesMarriage and Relationships in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Getting married in modern times is not something which is viewed as necessary. There are many couples that are together, but do not want to marry, because they do not feel they have to. Couples that do, can have a marriage almost anywhere they choose. Couples can marry in houses, shopping centres and even petrol stations. Anywhere you can get a marriage licence and a vicar, is seen as a place fitRead MoreHow Normal is a Person Based on Merchant of Venice and Taming of the Shrew1046 Words   |  4 PagesSociety places value on a person based either on who they are, what they believe, or how much money they make. What happens when society places value on how â€Å"normal† a person is? Using the texts of â€Å"Merchant of Venice† and â€Å"Taming of the Shrew†, I will argue that in dealing with difference, society often unintentionally annihilates it; but what remains in its wake is often far more disturbing. Religion is one of the most dividing forces in a society. At the time of â€Å"Merchant of Venice† Jews stoodRead MoreShakespeare and Women vs. Society and Queen Elizabeth Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesdie, (5.3) This shows Shakespeares thoughts on the nurturing and caring side that all women have and how amazing the feeling is to be loved by a woman. In The Taming of the Shrew, Katherine rejects all men and doesnt conform to the role desired by her of society. Instead she acts in a manner only approved for men and thus is named a shrew by society. I say, a devil. Thinkest thou, Hortensio, though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell? 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Using the texts of â€Å"Merchant of Venice† and â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† I will argue that in dealing with difference, society often unintentionally annihilates it; but what remains in its wake is often far more disturbing. Religion is one of the most dividing forces in a society. At the time of â€Å"Merchant of Venice† Jews were

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill - 2022 Words

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill The Context Before the occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon event, BP had already been labelled as having a horrible safety record. A 2009 report by the United States Department of Labour Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Todd Petterson , 2009), indicated that BP had 270 existing fines of a ‘failure to abate’ and 439 ‘wilful violations’ of various safety protocols. At the time of the disaster the regulators of the oil industry in the United States was the Material Management Service. This department was known for their ‘misconduct, unethical conduct, and unlawful activities’ (Hogue, 2010). This Case Study aims to look at the Deepwater Horizon oil spill from the view of how BP and the US government†¦show more content†¦The Catastrophe In February 2010, the Deepwater Horizon began the task of drilling a well in Macondo Prospect of the Gulf of Mexico (Group, 2011). Once this was completed, the task of cementing the hole in order seal the well bore from the reservoir sand (BP, 2010). At 8:00 PM on April 20, 2010, while preparing to temporary abandon the well, the BP Accident Investigation report (BP, 2010) states that there was a negative pressure inside the well causing it to flow. While this occurs, BP (BP, 2010) states, the lighter seawater that replaced the mud inside the column should have decreased the pressure. By 9:40 PM, mud had overflowed onto the floor of the Deepwater Horizon and then through the Derrick (BP, 2010). Following this, the blowout preventer was activated to stop the flow, however this had not worked. Gas had then leaked out, which resulted in an explosion, causing significant damage to the oil platform. BP (BP, 2010) also believed that the damaged Blowout preventer continued to fuel the fire with gas after the initial explosion. As a result of this, the explosion had resulted in the deaths of eleven personnel and the dispersal of nearly five million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico (Pallardy, 2014). There was also an immediate response by the United States congress in the legislation governing oil and gas operations. According to a Congressional Research Service report (Hagerty Jonathan , 2014), the 111th Congress had held over ’60 hearings’

Corporate Social Responsibility Overview

Question: write a brief synopsis of the article to turn in and be prepared to discuss in class. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview from Malaysia The present article Nasir, Noor Emilina Mohd, et al. "Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview from Malaysia."J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci4.10S (2015): 82-87. is selected in the study, diversifies the concept of the Corporate Social Responsibility in the organization an overview from Malaysia. The concept of business ethics concludes the application of different kinds of rules and regulations in the operations of the enterprise. Different country develops different rules and regulations of Corporate Social Responsibilities. On the other hand, the concept of the Corporate Social Responsibility is more or less same in different organizations. The concept of the CSR is an important issue that results in the increase in the number of rules and regulation in Malaysia. The present article, which is selected in the study, concludes about all the facts and findings of CSR in the operations of the business. The concept of CSR has become a global trend in the last few decades (Nasir et al.) The selected country in the study is Malaysia. There is a rapid development of the concept of the CSR in Malaysia. Malaysia becomes one of the most common and emerging economies across the world in the development process of CSR across the world. The concept and the application of the CSR are not restricted only in Malaysia. It is one of the global concepts. A different organization based on the requirements of the business develops different notions of corporate social responsibility. The present article, which is selected in the study, diversifies the concept of the CSR in the organization an overview from Malaysia. This particular investigation procedure is developed by different organization kinds of research work. Based on the findings of the research work, CSR has become one of the most crucial ethics for every company in the world. The concept of CSR is the contribution of some portion of the profit of the company towards the development process of the backward area of the country. There are several benefits, which are concluded by the application of the Corporate Social Responsibility. Advisement and business sustainability are the main advantages which majority of the organizations achieves in the process of developing strong Corporate Social Responsibility. The selected article in the study concludes different factors, which are highlighted in the development process of Corporate Social Responsibility. A separate organization based on the requirements of the Commerce adopts a different concept of the CSR in the operations of the business. The selected article in the study concludes various factors, which are highlighted in the development process of Corporate Social Responsibility. The ob jective of the study is to highlight several factors, which are responsible for the process of developing a proper corporate responsibility in the operations of the business. On the other hand, if the company fails to maintain a specific CSR it will put a negative effect on the enterprise operations. The majority of the companies in Malaysia sticky follows the concept and the application of the CSR in the business processes (Nasir et al.). The objective of the study is to focus different application of the Corporate Social Responsibility in the activities of the company. Reference List Nasir, Noor Emilina Mohd, et al. "Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview from Malaysia."J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci4.10S (2015): 82-87.

The Agricultural Policy in European Union and the United State of America

Past Forms of Regular and Irregular Verbs Practice Exercise

Past Forms of Regular and Irregular Verbs Practice Exercise This exercise will give you practice in using the correct past forms of regular verbs and irregular verbs. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs and introduction to Irregular Verbs in English Instructions The paragraph below has been adapted from the opening chapter of  Black Boy, an autobiography by Richard Wright. Complete each sentence correctly by changing the verbs in brackets from the present tense to the simple past tense. For example, the verb tell in the first sentence should be changed to told. When you have completed the exercise, compare your answers with those at the bottom of this page. From Black Boy, by Richard Wright One evening my mother [tell] _____ me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food. She [take] _____ me to the corner store to show me the way. I was proud; I [feel] _____ like a grownup. The next afternoon I looped the basket over my arm and [go] _____ down the pavement toward the store. When I [reach] _____ the corner, a gang of boys [grab] _____ me, [knock] _____ me down, [snatch] _____ the basket, [take] _____ the money, and [send] _____ me running home in panic. That evening I [tell] _____ my mother what had happened, but she [make] _____ no comment; she [sit] _____ down at once, [write] _____ another note, [give] _____ me more money, and [send] _____ me out to the grocery again. I crept down the steps and [see] _____ the same gang of boys playing down the street. I [run] _____ back into the house. Below (in bold) are the answers to the exercise above: Practice in Using the Past Forms of Regular and Irregular Verbs. Answers From Black Boy, by Richard Wright One evening my mother told me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food. She took me to the corner store to show me the way. I was proud; I felt like a grownup. The next afternoon I looped the basket over my arm and went down the pavement toward the store. When I reached the corner, a gang of boys grabbed me, knocked me down, snatched the basket, took the money, and sent me running home in panic. That evening I told my mother what had happened, but she made no comment; she sat down at once, wrote another note, gave me more money, and sent me out to the grocery again. I crept down the steps and saw the same gang of boys playing down the street. I ran back into the house.

Labor Relations and Union Avoidance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor Relations and Union Avoidance - Essay Example According to a survey of 'The Conference Board' in 1977 and 1983, the ability of unions is not enough to counter the union avoidance strategies of the companies. Moreover, the number of new establishments opened increases the capacity of a company to pursue union avoidance strategies. It is found that the increase in the percentage of the organized workforce in the company and plant-by-plant bargaining structure is in favor of unions. However, when the company is successfully opening new establishments, it will be capable of counter unions with union avoidance strategies. In this context, it is important to discuss the consequences of union avoidance. The union avoidance strategies affect union membership and encourage the growth of non-unionized firms. As a result, the survey states that the number of unionized firms dropped between 1977 and 1983. As it is easy to increase plant openings than a unionized firm, the companies followed that way to avoid union elections and in the case of unionization, the management tried to win the elections with their candidates in the fray. Moreover, differences in collective bargaining outcomes are also a reason for priority given for union avoidance strategies both by management and employees. ...In this context, it is important to discuss the tactics of Union Avoidance consultants and comparison or contrast with the views of Martin Jay Levitt in his book 'Confessions of a Union Buster' (John Chalykoff, Peter Cappelli, 1986). There are many consultant firms regarding union avoidance consultants and one such firm is IRI Management Services Incorporation, which offers its services on the website; http://www.lrims.com/union-organizing-consult.html. The first step in the services of the company is regarding winning the union election by the management.

Ethics and Goverance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Goverance - Coursework Example For gaining global competitive advantage, its expansion to different areas of the world is essential and hence the selling of its stake to Coco-Cola is highly justified. 2. Innocent Ltd. will have advantage of getting some critical inputs form the giant company like Coco-Cola in the crisis time. For example, it may get some benefit in the form of management techniques in dealing human resources and also in the form of strategic management. In addition, the products of Innocent Ltd. can be sold even in remote pockets where ever Coco-Cola has establishments. 3. It may have a collaboration with the Coco-Cola for opening new branches in areas where Coco-Cola has already established its branches and can very much maintain that its quality policy would be maintained as good as that of earlier period. The founders of the company would still lead from the front and hence, the quality of the products would be well maintained in terms of environmental and health safety and customer satisfactio n. 4. The people’s awareness about Coco-Cola products is far higher than that of Innocent Ltd. and hence the higher number of customers would be in a position to taste Innocent products after the collaboration. 5. As Coco-Cola has already established branches in several areas, with out spending any additional expenditure, the Innocent can sell its products through these branches which certainly results in cost minimization and profit maximization. Disadvantages 1. The credibility of Innocent Ltd. among its customers has been its main strength till now which has driven the business. The company is well known for its commitment and dedication for manufacturing or producing healthy fruit juice products which contain socially and environmentally aware ingredients that are free from environmental pollution and health hazards and for better packaging techniques (Sweney, 2009). The customers prefer the products from this company for this quality consciousness and ethical standards. But, due to selling of its stake to Coco-Cola company which is known for producing non healthy

Gender and Students Grades Essay Example for Free

Gender and Students Grades Essay I decided to choose to do my project on if the gender of the teacher reflects what the student gets in the class. I am interested in this because I feel that a male teacher, for me, does a better job teaching. They have a stronger personality and are louder which keeps you listening. I chose to do this project because I am interested in seeing how the average student feels compared to how I feel. In order to collect my data, I will test a total of 10 classes, 2 classes from the following subjects; Algebra 2 regular, Chemistry Honors, IB History, Media Arts, and English 10 Honors. One class will be from a male teacher and the other from a female teacher. I will the split the classes into two groups male and female. In the two groups I will categorize the 5 classes into what the student got in the class. There will be 5 categories A, B, C, D, and F. Since I only want 5 columns I will round the A-s, B-s, C-s, and D-s to a regular letter grade. As well as the A+’s, B+’s, C+’s and D+’s to a regular letter grade. After obtaining all the data, I will begin to compare and analyze the data. First, I will do a simple process by finding the mean, median, and mode of the two groups. Since my data is in letter grades I will have to change the letters to a GPA. For example an A would be a 4, also since I am rounding the A-s to As an A- would also be a 4. Finding the mean, median and mode will show what the average grades are in the male and female classes. That data can be compared easily to show what grades are getting in which gender class. Another simple mathematical process is making a histogram. Each category (A, B, C, D, and F) will have two bars coming from it, one male and one female. This can show how many of the each letter grade is coming from each gender. It will visually show what gender is getting what grades in the classes. The last mathematical procedure I will be doing is a Chi-squared table which will be my sophisticated process. This will be my most accurate calculation to show if gender of the teacher is dependent on the grade the student gets in class. I am going to make  ·this table by splitting the date into two columns, male and female, and then by the grade the student got in the class. When making the histogram for one of my simple processes I added all the As together from the male classes then all the Bs and so forth. I did this for the female classes as well. For the graph my x-axis is the grade, y-axis is the number of students in the column. There are two bars coming up from each grade group to show the comparison between male and female. Calculating the Chi-squared of this data will be my last process. To find the Chi-squared I had to make a table with all the grades in it and which gender it was for. I then had to find the expected value, an example of this was multiplying the total number from the male column and the A column then dividing that by the total of grades overall. After getting the observed and expected tables I subtracted the observed from the expected then square rooted this then divided it by the expected. I did this for each column. Then the numbers were added together to get a chi-squared of 4.88. I used the rejection inequality given a significance level of 5%. To find the p-value I put my calculations into my graphing calculator to get a p-value of 0.363. I then found the degrees of freedom by subtracting the rows by the columns. This was able let me know which significance level to use which is 9.488. Since the chi-squared was false, you accept the null. Some of the errors I saw in my project were the classes I chose, Mrs. Mel and Mr. Nichols were an IB History class. An IB History class is a higher knowledge class, all of the students in these two classes got either an A or a B. Since everyone had higher grades this made an error in my project because two of my classes did not have three of the letter grades. This skewed my grades toward higher GPAs. I should have chosen a class that had more variety in grades. Another thing that made an error in my project was when I did the mean, median, and mode I rounded the grades. For instance a B- would be a B and a B+ would be a B. Rounding these grades made the variety not as big. Since students work well with different teachers another way to do this project which would give me more accurate data would be to compare a student who switched teachers between the two semesters from a male to a female. This would have showed more how a certain student acts with different genders rather than how a group of students acts. In conclusion, it shows that the gender of the teacher and the grade the students gets in that class are independent. The x ² calc was less than the critical value. The results I saw were similar to what I thought would happen. All though the calculations were not as accurate as I would have liked them to be and the conclusion is very vague to what I thought would have happened. This does change how I feel about gender affecting the student because I felt like the male was more of an effective teacher than a female but the calculations show the female is more effective.

The Horrors of War in Wilfred Owens Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est Essay e

The Horrors of War in Wilfred Owen's Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est From the earliest records of history, accounts of war have been portrayed as valiant acts of heroism. Children and adults alike have gathered together to hear tales of war and its glory. From the stories of Alexander the Great to recent-day movies like Saving Private Ryan, war has been praised and exalted with words such as bravery, honor, and freedom. However, Wilfred Owen's poem "Dulce et Decorum Est" shows the ugly, horrible side of fighting. By use of gripping words and vivid descriptions, Owen paints incredible pictures of what World War I was really like. He tears away the glory and drama and reveals the real essence of fighting: fear, torture, and death. No longer are we left with good feelings and pretty phrases like "Liberty and justice for all!" Instead, our hearts grieve over what these soldiers had to suffer through. Every line of the poem rebuts the Roman poet Horace's quotation: "Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori--It is sweet and becoming to die for one's country." T he poem employs three different devices that work together to refute the belief that war is heroic and glorious: the speaker's descriptions, his similes, and his memories. First, the narrator's descriptions are clear and effective, leaving no dispute about what the soldiers had to endure with trenches and mustard gas. The poem does not use vague descriptions such as "It was terrible and horrible." Instead, the fifth and sixth lines read: "Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots / But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind." Right away, the reader can almost see the weary soldiers heading "towards [their] distant rest." They are so weary that some are sleeping while... ...ys will be a terrible, terrible thing. In conclusion, "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a magnificent tapestry of poetry. By the speaker's descriptions, similes, and memories, Owen weaves reality and memories together to create a masterpiece. Through the speaker, Owen seems to express his grief over those who have died fighting. He sees no glory in men dying horrible deaths from mustard gas, writhing with pain and agony. No, he does not feel that it is sweet or becoming to die for one's country. His opinion is expressed throughout the whole poem. Yet, his poem is not one of beauty. It has no pleasant words or pleasing sounds; it does not bring good feelings or happy smiles. But it is one of truth, the truth about war. Works Cited: Owen, Wilfred. â€Å"Dulce Et Docorum Est.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: Norton & Company, 2000.

How To Improve Student Learning Education Essay

Recently, the subject of how to better pupil acquisition has been of considerable involvement in the administrative and academic community. There is besides considerable treatment about the importance of assignments, prep, quizzes, and trials as it relates to student acquisition ( Smith, Zsidisin, & A ; Adams 2005 ) . This concern for assignments, quizzes, trials, and how to guarantee pupils are maximising their authorship, is the foundation for this survey. For many parents, pedagogues, and teachers, frequent quizzes are an seemingly infallible prescription for bettering pupil public presentation ( Finn & A ; Achilles 2003 ) . As Hughes ( 2003 ) states that the consequence of proving on instruction and acquisition is known as a wash back consequence ; and it can be harmful or good. If a trial is regarded as of import and the bets are high, readying for it can rule all instruction and acquisition activities. Furthermore, he noted that wash back can be viewed as portion of something more general- the impact of appraisal. The impact in educational measuring is non limited to the consequence of appraisal on acquisition and instruction but extends to the manner in which assessment affects society as a whole. Celce-Murcia ( 2001 ) asserted that the ability to show thoughts in composing in a 2nd or foreign linguistic communication and to make with sensible coherency and truth is a major accomplishment. So this paper addresses the impact of constructed- response and selected- response quizzes as scheme for advancing pupil composing accomplishments. University teachers confine themselves largely to multiple- pick or selected- response trial as a concluding scrutiny for the interest of objectiveness ( Brown 2001 ) . That is, the function of frequent disposal of constructed- response quizzes in which the pupil must supply the correct reply, whether in a word, sentence, or try signifier and selected- response quizzes is someway neglected in universities. It might be that fixing selected- response and constructed- response quizzes is more demanding on teachers, need strict marking, and evaluation and administrating of these trials might every bit will be more hard, clip consuming, and debatable. But constructed- response quizzes in which pupils ‘ responses consist of the production of linguistic communication sample may be helpful to EFL productive public presentation. As research workers such as Mirhassani & A ; Rahimipour ( 2003 ) claim that about all Persian teachers confine themselves to mid-term and concluding scrutinies and all classroom- based trials in our state ( Iran ) are based largely on distinct point points. Besides the consequences of surveies such as Gary ( 1972 ) and Arrasmith, Sheehan & A ; Applebaum ( 1984 ) reenforce the demand for farther research in the function of proving in measuring and advancing pupils larning and believing. So the chief consideration in this research will be whether the perennial disposal of quizzes affects the abilities of Persian EFL scholars ‘ public presentation and particularly their formal organisation in general authorship accomplishments.Reappraisal of LiteratureInterest in how to better pupil acquisition is non new. It is a cosmopolitan concern among parents, pedagogues, teachers, and decision makers of educational establishments. It is by and large assumed that quizzes and trials are a req uirement for a successful completion of class plants. In pattern, co-worker and university teachers list regulations and guidelines related to quizzes and trials outlooks for pupils ( Felix 2005 ) . He considers quizzes and trials to be the pupil ‘s duty and he/she is expected to take all quizzes, trials, and complete all assignments. Geist & A ; Soehren ( 1997 ) besides investigated the effects of frequent quizzes on dental pupil public presentation in a class on introductory radiology. Consequences indicated that the group with frequent quizzes performs significantly better on mid-term and concluding scrutinies than the control group. In relation to the surveies of frequent quizzing and public presentation, they conclude that frequent quizzes had a good and important influence on pupil public presentation and claim that the positive effects on public presentation increased as quizzes increased. Therefore, they further found that the positive affair for academic public presentation, and learning had an influential independent consequence on acquisition. Freilich ( 1989 ) examined the impacts of frequent testing on pupil public presentation in a general chemical science class. He found that quizzes were a determiner of pupil public presentation. These surveies clearly suggest there is added value to pupils who take quizzes. If pupils who take quizzes outperform those who experienced no quizzes, it seems sensible to reason that something is happening as a consequence of pupils who were exposed to test. Therefore, the research workers hypothesized that pupils with hebdomadal quizzes, non merely execute better on trials but besides learn more. Gary ( 1972 ) in relation to the consequence of frequent quizzes disposal on illative thought made a research with indiscriminately selected groups. The first group took eight hebdomadal quizzes necessitating pupils to remember declared facts while the 2nd group took hebdomadally quizzes necessitating pupils to pull illations about political involvements of several spiritual, economic, and geographic groups. Four trials were administered at the terminal of this intervention period. Consequence showed that frequent quizzes disposal affect significantly the scholars ‘ public presentation. Study of Tuckman ( 2008 ) shows that frequent proving provides incentive motives. Frequently tried pupils outperform other pupils on scrutinies. He mentions that what it might be drove a pupil to acquire information into long- term memory are trials. Trials motivate pupils because they create the chance or necessity to accomplish success or avoid failure. In that manner, trials provide an inducement to larn and they are a beginning of incentive motive. The overall consequences clearly showed that the frequent trials enhanced motive for pupils who have typically performed ill to acquire content into long- term memory instead than simply aiming for them what to analyze. Weekly, in-class quizzes are based on some proving specializer such as Ruscio ( 2001 ) and Wilder, Flood & A ; Stomsnes ( 2001 ) have been associated with positive larning outcomes including increased pupil accomplishment attending, and assurance. Their survey shows that frequent quizzes reportedly maintain pupil survey attempt and advance class battle. The research literature, nevertheless, does non nem con back up the achievement benefits of quizzes. For illustration, Haberyan ( 2003 ) provided two subdivisions of general biological science pupils with hebdomadal in- category quizzes ; two tantamount subdivisions did non entree quizzes. Although pupils rated the quizzes favourably and believed that they were helpful in fixing for in- category scrutiny, there were no important accomplishment differences across subdivisions. Kluger & A ; Denisi ( 1997 ) conducted a meta- analysis on feedback intercessions, including quizzes, and concluded that such feedback does non ever heighten lea rner public presentation and may, in some instances, have damaging effects. Bryan ( 1998 ) conducted a research on factors lending to a decrease in race based subgroup differences on a constructed- response paper and pencil trial of accomplishment. Consequences showed that the constructed- response trial format may be a feasible option to the traditional multiple- pick format in predicators of occupation public presentation and at the same time cut down subgroup differences and subsequent inauspicious impact on trials of cognition, accomplishment, ability, and accomplishment. However, extra research is needed to further show the rightness of the constructed- response format as an option to traditional testing methods. Chowdhury, Al-share & A ; Miller ( 2005 ) express that in an epoch characterized by speed uping technological alteration, increasing economic uncertainness, low pupil accomplishment, and turning demand for answerability, educational establishments are challenged to fix pupils to work successfully in their chosen callings in the universe. They believe hebdomadal quizzes and their reappraisals, it is easier for an teacher to cognize earlier on how good the pupils understand each talk or construct and that is best larning when the teacher actively engages or involves pupils to larn by making the quizzes. In mensurating composing abilities Harris ( 1996 ) discussed that, examiner may be sensitive to grammatical forms appropriate to the written accomplishment and we know that many pupils may neglect to utilize such forms. Therefore, if our trial is to hold relevancy and cogency it should incorporate the sorts of formal grammatical points by which the pupils will later be judged in real- life state of affairs. Such sort of formal organisational forms that might include in our trials of composing accomplishments are subject- verb understanding, structural correspondence, comparing of adjectives, formation of adverbs, formation of irregular verbs, and so forth. Therefore, with respect to larning benefits of quizzes, research findings have been contradictory and therefore inconclusive. Brothen & A ; Wambach ( 2001 ) , describe a developmental psychological science class in which pupils had entree to computerise quizzes as tools to fix for proctored scrutinies. Their consequences indicated that passing more clip taking quizzes and taking them more times was related to hapless exam public presentation. They province that a possible account for this consequence is that pupils used the text edition to reply quiz points and mistakenly interpreted high quiz tonss as declarative mood of content command. Grabe & A ; Sigler ( 2001 ) , on the other manus, provided pupils with four online survey tools ; multiple- pick pattern trial points, short reply pattern trial points, talk notes, and text edition notes. Students often accessed multiple- pick pattern trial points ; no information was provided on the usage of short reply inquiries because really few pupils made usage of this resource. Students who made usage of the tools academically outperformed those who did non. Mirhassani and Rahimipour ( 2003 ) studied the relationship between quiz, frequence of disposal, and Persian EFL scholars ‘ public presentation on summational accomplishment trials. Their survey showed that completion quizzes with 10 times frequence of disposal work better with the betterment of Persian EFL scholars ‘ public presentation on summational accomplishment trials. They stated that the more pupils receive quizzes on the content of the book taught, the more they learn the stuffs taught in deepness.Methodology1. ParticipantsThe survey is conducted at Islamic Azad university of Dehloran. Sixty male and female pupils within the age scope of 18 to 20 took portion in this research. They were chosen among sophomore pupils based on non- random convenient trying method. They all major in package computing machine technology and were all native talkers of Persian. To guarantee whether the participants were homogenous, a linguistic communication proficiency trial ( Fowler & A ; Coe 1976 ) was administered as a pre- trial. Then, the pupils were indiscriminately divided into two groups, and each group included 30 pupils.2. InstrumentalityThree instruments were used in this survey. Their dependability coefficients were estimated based on KR- 21 expression. The first instrument was a general linguistic communication proficiency trial ( Fowler & A ; Coe 1976 ) in order to happen out lingual abilities of participants. Its ‘ dependability coefficient was calculated by KR-21 expression as ( r= .79 ) . The 2nd 1 was 10 quizzes of constructed- response points as intervention in the survey. Last 1s, was a parallel validated summational accomplishment trial administered as a post- trial in order to look into out the effects of the research variable.3. ProcedureAt the beginning, a general linguistic communication proficiency trial ( Appendix A ) was given to 115 package computing machine technology pupils ( i.e. , 48 males and 67 females in Islamic Azad uni versity of Dehloran ) who were invited to take this trial as a pre- trial in this survey. This trial included 50 multiple-choice points which was adapted by the research worker in conformity with an reliable testing book written by Fowler and Coe ( 1976 ) . After roll uping informations, the responses of participants were analyzed. Then 60 pupils whose public presentation ranged from one standard divergence above and one below the mean were chosen for this survey. Over a 12 hebdomad period, a autumn semester in 2008, the first group received constructed- response quizzes, and the control group served as the control group to formalize this survey. Over all, experimental group received ten quizzes which lasted about 10-15 proceedingss, during 10 hebdomads. The first hebdomad was spent on the account of process and besides participants were asked to go to and take a linguistic communication proficiency trial ( Fowler & A ; Coe 1976 ) . From the 2nd hebdomad till the terminal of the term the participants took hebdomadal quizzes. Following each subdivision, pupils ‘ quizzes were collected and graded by the research worker, and they were informed that the norm of their classs on these quizzes of general English book would number toward their concluding class every bit much as one of the major class scrutinies. At the terminal of the term, participants were given a parallel summational achievement trial in order to mensurate the grade of the li nguistic communication scholars ‘ success in the formal organisation in general authorship accomplishments.Datas AnalysisAt the beginning, the pupils ‘ tonss on pre- trial were obtained so descriptive statistics, mean and standard divergence of each group, were calculated. Consequences indicated that the agencies for these groups were similar. Table 1 is a study of pre- trial which was administered as the homogeneousness trial. The mean scores showed that the groups did non much differ in relation to their background cognition. The low criterion divergence signifies that the pupils ‘ public presentations were really near to each other. In other words, their average tonss showed no important differences. Table 1. Descriptive statistics of pre- trialGroupsNitrogenMinimumMaximumMeanSouth dakotaControl 30 2 7 4.8333 1.5264 Constructed 30 2 7 4.5000 1.6552 Entire 60 2 7 4.6666 1.5908 At the terminal of the term, a parallel summational achievement trial was administered to the pupils. Table 2 shows the post- trial consequences descriptively. Table 2. Descriptive statistics of post- trialGroupsNitrogenMinimumMaximumMeanSouth dakotaControl 30 2 9 5.7333 2.1642 Constructed 30 10 17 13.1666 1.8000 Entire 60 6 13 9.4499 1.9821 Consequences showed that the pupils ‘ public presentation in the concluding scrutinies were drastically different. Therefore, their average tonss were significantly different comparing to each other. Table 3 compares the public presentation of the groups by T-test. Table 3. T-test for the control and constructed groupsGroupsNitrogenMeandft-obs2-tails sog.Control 30 5.7333 58 14.4580 .05 Constructed 30 13.1666 This tabular array indicates that the difference is important at.05 alpha degrees. It can be claimed that frequent quizzes disposal, as Ballard and Johnson ( 2004 ) claim, better pupils ‘ public presentation. On all steps of composing achievement pupils who received 10 times constructed- response quizzes outperformed pupils who did n't have this survey tool.DiscussionThe consequences of the survey made it clear that taking constructed- response quiz leads to better scholars ‘ composing public presentation. This survey provides grounds that module will probably draw a bead on their pupils to take hebdomadal constructed- response quizzes. Therefore, the research worker can claim that frequent constructed- response quizzes better the formal organisation in general authorship accomplishments. The consequence of this survey confirmed our anticipation that pupils who took hebdomadally constructed- response quizzes would demo better keeping of grammatical forms than would pupils who were non engaged in the hebdomadal graded constructed- response quizzes. The consequences of this survey revealed that hebdomadal quizzes can hold a greater impact than antecedently found by Derouza & A ; Fleming ( 2003 ) and Haberyan ( 2003 ) . They studied scientific discipline pupils while the sample in this survey was drawn from package computing machine technology pupils. They found that pupils ‘ public presentation was non strongly impacted while the research worker found significantly better public presentation. More surveies with different population majoring in other Fieldss of survey are needed to better our apprehension of how pupil ‘s public presentation is impacted by hebdomadal quizzes, for case, classs in physical scientific disciplines. These findings clearly suggest that hebdomadal quizzing ( constructed- response ) is of import in larning English authorship accomplishments. In pre- intermediate degree, as Harris ( 1996 ) claims, composing exercisings should by and large be used merely to reenforce the acquisition of specific grammatical points or lexical points. Teachers ‘ experiences showed that EFL scholars by and large have deficient cognition of English composing accomplishments in pre- intermediate degree. This has prompted us and other research workers like Baker ( 1989 ) and Werner ( 1993 ) to stress the importance of constructed- response quizzes alternatively of other survey tools and to place constructed- response quiz as the most effectual instrument to utilize because tapped on composing accomplishments of pupils. The betterment among the composing abilities of participants were striking where they took constructed- response quizzes.DecisionBased on the statistics done, it can be concluded that r epeated constructed- response quizzes receives the first precedence. Therefore, there was a important difference between the Hagiographas ‘ public presentation of the group who received 10 times constructed- response quizzes and the group who did n't have any quizzes. The findings indicated that constructed- response quizzes can be used for advancing different accomplishments and constituent of linguistic communication acquisition ; hence, trial interior decorators should take constructed- response quizzes. The findings of the present survey gave empirical support to this position. This, as a rule of linguistic communication usage, is didactically cardinal in the instruction and testing of linguistic communication acquisition and needs to be taken in to account in the design of suited instructional stuffs and in the methodological analysis of schoolroom instruction.Pedagogical DeductionsBased on the research findings, this survey gives the undermentioned deductions and suggestions to EFL scholars and teachers that may be helpful in developing EFL linguistic communication acquisition, instruction, and proving. Teachers have got to supply pupils with appropriate feedback. Repeated disposal of quizzes may pave the manner for better acquisition, actua te the pupils to larn, supply adequate feedback for the pupils, and find the weak and strong points of pupils. All these can stop in long- term keeping of the stuffs taught and prevent the pupils from inquiring for their scrutiny. Though many of the surveies should be regarded as plants in advancement instead than concluding surveies, this survey does efficaciously foreground some of the complexnesss involved in current quiz research. By so we should be seeing new coevals of wash dorsum surveies which are progressively sophisticated and refined.

Beowulf Thus Presents An Individual - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 939 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Military might and conquest have always been attributed to heroes. Every generation has young people believing in past heroes and often set out to go to war in the name of echoing and promoting the values of one fighting for their nation or their glory. The epic of Beowulf comes out as an illustration of a hero’s effort to rid his society of the existing and attacking monsters. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beowulf Thus Presents An Individual" essay for you Create order With societies divided among themselves and facing extinction from attacks by monsters, it comes as no surprise the effort by Beowulf to ensure the society remains safe. Even in death, he moves to work and leaves behind a society that lacks harassment from the monsters. As such, killing the dragon and ending up sacrificing his life in the process makes him both a saint and hero. Upon arriving at Danes and docking, Beowulf gets off the ship and asserts his stand and mission to the guards. He tells them who they were and the reason they had come to the land. In addition, he recounts his heroic deeds to the king to give him credit before asserting that he could defeat Grendel in a one-on-one fight. King Hrothgar becomes peaceful upon hearing the tales and getting the assurance that Grendel would no longer be a threat to the Heorot kingdom. As such, by explaining that he was not afraid of the death, the narration presents a scenario of real courage, which surpasses that of death. Beowulf thus presents an individual who has already delegated his fate into the hands of the gods and hence, he believes when his time to die comes, he will die in the end. As such, with the ability and permission to live on a particular day, he would rather live it to the fullest instead of speculating over things he had no control over. While courage is at the heart of different heroes, nobility and keeping one’s word is essential in promoting credibility and reliability. When Heorot and Beowulf begin feasting, Unfearth approaches Beowulf and inquires upon the race they had with Brecca and goes on to assert that many warriors had come before him and all failed to defeat Grendel, and the same fate awaited Beowulf. However, the trust Beowulf has in his skills leads him to assert that, â€Å"when the going was heavy in those high waves, I was the strongest swimmer of all,† which aims to let Unfearth know that back then when he raced Brecca and even in the present moment, he was more than a match for the present monster. He further challenges Unfearth’s view that he was the strongest and he would not allow Grendel to get away with killing so many of Heorot’s population. Grendel recognizes the fact that, the kingdom has no strong people capable of challenging his murdering spree. However, Beowulf asserts that he would be different. Through such assertions, Beowulf recognizes and appreciates his strength to stand up to any monster, a fit that he fulfills when he drives Grendel under the Fen-bank mortally wounded. Through the act of defeating Grendel, he fulfilled his stand of being the greatest warrior in the region. While heroes are great individuals, they must be able to keep their words through actions for the public to believe in them. Going through Beowulf presents the belief of the existence of the gods and how they work to protect the mortals. Moreover, the story is an illustration of hope held by different people whenever they are faced with uncertainty and chaos. Heroes often arise in the midst of chaotic ascriptions where societies are under the threat of elimination. As in the case of Beowulf, he comes at a time when Heorot was at its lowest with most people preferring to go to far off lands for their safety. Even in such a situation, they believed in the hope that a savior would come to save them from the clutches of Grendel. As illustrated at the beginning of the story, the story narrates a prophetic view of what the future holds of the Danish people and how a leader that stands above all will come to redeem them. Additionally, the shield was meant to be even when the man crossed over to the keeping of the Lord as stated, â€Å"Shield was still thriving when his time came, and he crossed over into the Lords keeping.† To theological analysts, the statement means the word of God and how it protects one from chaos as they await their death. Another aspect that is interesting is the asserting of god-cursed, a fit that is similar to the banishment and curse of the devil by God for eternity. The glee in Grendel’s eyes was one of pure evil as he surveyed how he would rip people’s lives out in the night. To Grendel, causing misery to the Danes people was what he enjoyed the most, which is similar to the feelings derived by a devil. The current world is a combination of hypocritical and personal centeredness of people. However, the same lessons promoted in the heroic epics are still present in the present-day comics. For example, the production studios present heroes like Black Panther, Captain America, Batman and others who promote and share the same message promoted by Beowulf. As such, it is a call for masses to remain hopeful regardless of the situation they may be going through. Just as the people of Heorot remained optimistic in the face of Grendel’s attacks, so does the world need to continue believing regardless of whether the situation is dire or not.